The Role of Spirituality in Overcoming Addictions

Compulsion can just be characterized as a condition of being hostage or subjugated towards accomplishing something that prompts advancement of a propensity or certain conduct of which to some expand one has no power over. Doubtlessly, compulsion accompanies solid sentiments of connection and want for something or to certain particular practices. Each individual to some broaden has a type of habit which may run from trifling to hazardous forms.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Role of Spirituality in Overcoming Addictions explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More They may either be mental, neurological or even otherworldly. These addictions go about as a main thrust from inside that will in general oppress and misuse our opportunity, consequently one winds up acting in a way that is differentiation to what the person in question would wish to. As it has been reasoned, habit can truly assume responsibility for someone‘s life to the reach out of being dangerous. At the point when it gets to such expand, snappy measures ought to be removed before the circumstance gets from hand. Recorded examination has indicated that similarly one gets dependent on liquor, nicotine, cocaine, one can get dependent on thoughts, power, connections, religion (May, 1988). On the off chance that one gets fixated on a specific thought or even with someone else and can't control the sentiments or musings, has been oppressed and henceforth dependent. One can likewise be profoundly dependent as in the person in question is ensnared by the conventions and can not have an autonomous idea or think sensibly outside the overseeing regulations and law subsequently fixated by the religion and considered as a junkie. Fixation can be seen from various edges, enslavement of the psyche, body or soul relying upon the common circumstance that prompts the habit (May, 1988). A portion of the substances, medications and practices that one can get dependent on incor porate liquor, cocaine, nicotine for instance cigarette, resting pills, cannabis, caffeine, mist concentrates. Conduct addictions may incorporate PC games, betting, indulging, love for cash, power, sexual compulsion, connections or even thoughts. There are signs and side effects that accompany different addictions and could be utilized to distinguish improvement of addictive practices. A portion of the manifestations to checkout for include: propensity to accomplish something more than once again and again to acquire delight, when the individual quits utilizing the substance they will in general feel awkward and unsatisfied with a feeling of lacking something indispensable. Another side effect is experiencing issues in controlling and overseeing oneself and investing the majority of your energy to secure the substance or enjoying certain exercises. Indications of dependence are the outward articulations that exudes from the addictive substance or conduct that one has.Advertising Loo king for article on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These signs are not general, they may contrast starting with one individual then onto the next. A portion of the significant indications of addictions incorporate emotional episode where one will in general be restless and now and again loose; upbeat at one time then tragic the following second, changes in the size of the eyes and the students, propensity to over rest, abrupt weight reduction or addition, change of companions, getting limited and clandestine. These and different signs can go about as ideal markers of people affected by medication and substance misuse. Individuals were never made to be completely fulfilled. There is consistently a longing to have to an ever increasing extent. There is a need to have restraint and know your limits and cutoff points in order to abstain from going over the edge and turning out to be casualties of dependence. The majority of the things that chain and subjugate us in life are for the most part our own makings. We have thought of our own belief systems and items that we love and connect forceful feelings and emotions on them, this has made humanity to float away from God’s love and the adoration for each other and wind up putting constantly in discovering joy and fulfillment from drugs, addictive substances and practices which winds up dissolving our poise and rejecting ceaselessly our opportunity by subjugating us (May, 1988). It is through the cruel life and subjugation that accompanies compulsion that drives one to learn and welcome the genuine feelings of serenity and opportunity that God has gave on us. It empowers us value the beauty of God which is a uninhibitedly earned kindness radiating from God’s adoring nature upon humanity. To defeat these addictions, otherworldliness assumes an extremely fundamental job. It originates from the accept and confidence that we have in a powerful being who can reestablish the pride and harmony that we have lost over the span of fulfilling our humanly joys and needs. The confidence and trust that we have in God can reclaim and spare one from the jaws of compulsion. In spite of the fact that there are numerous approaches to manage enslavement like looking for advising and counsel from experts, heading off to the recovery place, joining help gatherings, having treatment program, everything comes down to you as an individual and your relationship with God and others that you partner with. On the off chance that one can change these connections, at that point they are on the correct path towards achieving self opportunity, recovery and control of their lives. Through salvation which as indicated by Greece or Latin methods security, one is made entire in Christ Jesus that is as indicated by Christians, henceforth they become new animals. With this confidence, one can beat any sort of mistreatment and bondage. Additional ly engaging with the correct gathering of individuals with upstanding ethics and who put stock in God can assist one with changing their negative behavior patterns and addictive behaviors.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Role of Spirituality in Overcoming Addictions explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Spirituality helps in advancing and maintaining respectability and great virtues that may empower us conceal away terrible addictive practices and lead straight forward life, again we may have the will to do what is acceptable yet the ability to do it isn't in us, so we should recognize God who is the supplier everything being equal and whose effortlessness is adequate to protect us from any sort of subjugation and bondage. Taking everything into account, enslavement can be viewed as servitudes that are of our own making and that are essentially out of our control consequently to adequately manage any sort of habit one needs to submit to an ou ter wellspring of intensity that originates from God and through His effortlessness that He has unreservedly overflowed upon the individuals who approach Him and keep His laws and decrees. God’s beauty is a definitive expectation and answer for the incalculable persecution and addictions confronting humanity in the current occasions, subsequently there is promise for the individuals who have been trapped by their own wants that have wound up being their most exceedingly awful adversaries. Through elegance has mankind discovered harmony and fulfillment, for the core of men will perpetually be anxious until it discovers rest in God. Reference List May, G. G. (1988). Dependence and effortlessness: Love and otherworldliness in the recuperating ofâ addictions. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers. This exposition on The Role of Spirituality in Overcoming Addictions was composed and presented by client Johnathan Knight to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Espresso and Starbucks Essay Starbucks has been the best espresso chain utilizing their forceful extension methodologies to outperform its rivals. Through its extension, Starbucks has concentrated on making a thick system of stores surrounding US, while likewise opening up new areas all around the globe. In any case, Starbucks’ forceful development methodologies have presented significant dangers to its money related wellbeing, for example, close sources of income, increment obligations, poor liquidity proportions and so forth. Likewise, this methodology can intensify rivalry among close Starbucks stores. Because of the forceful extension, Starbucks has lost its inner concentration in its center business espresso and its one of a kind â€Å"Starbucks Experience †third place†. The issues are the manner by which Starbucks can remain gainful later on and simultaneously continue its predominant situation in the gourmet espresso industry. We have analyzed the business investigation that centers around the business drifts, the firm serious condition and followed by a SWOT examination on Starbucks. At long last, we take a gander at the organization technique investigation that centers around the Starbucks’ vital aim and its vital position. From these investigations, we suggest a couple of alternatives where Starbucks should seek after pushing ahead so as to evade further decay and support its predominant position. .:Organization Background History:. Starbucks Coffee, Tea and Spice was set up in 1971 by Jerry Baldwin, Zey Siegel and Gordon Bowker in Seattle to sell simmered espresso beans and espresso machines. (See Exhibit 1 for timetable) around then, the founders’ theory was to give great espresso and teach the open the craft of acknowledging fine espresso. It was the founders’ energy and solid responsibility on instructing the open that pulled in Howard Schultz to join Starbucks in 1982 as the leader of the advertising division, directing the company’s retail locations. On one of his excursions for work to Milan, Italy, Schultz discovered a chance to patch up Starbucks and move its concentration from its unique business exercises. Schultz’s new business suggestion for Starbucks was to serve newly blended espresso at their outlets which he offered to the organizers without progress. After numerous ineffective endeavors, he left the Company. In 1987, Schultz gained Starbucks from the organizers and changed its name to the more shortened ‘Starbucks’ and adjusted her logo to what we see today. After the procurement, he presented the possibility of ‘The Starbucks experience’ to all Starbucks’ outlets; that is to make an agreeable climate for benefactors to unwind. From that point on, each Starbucks outlet was the ideal copy of this idea. In 1992, Starbucks had propelled an IPO and its regular stock was being exchanged on the Nasdaq. In 1995, Starbucks adventure abroad and shaped a joint endeavor with SAZABY Inc to open Starbucks stores in Japan. In 1996, Starbucks first oversea outlet was opened in Tokyo. Today, Starbucks has a sum of 7,087 Company worked stores and 4,081 License stores in US. Moreover, it has 1,796 Company worked stores and 2,792 Joint Venture and License store working in other 43 nations. .:Meaning of the Industry, Competitors and Scope of Analysis: Generally, Starbucks is in the Food and Beverages industry. Anyway with the end goal of this paper, we would characterize Starbucks to be in the gourmet espresso industry with the accompanying contenders : †¢Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf; †¢Costa Coffee; †¢Caribou Coffee (See Exhibit 2 for a brief review on explanations behind the decision of these contenders and some foundation data of them) For the motivation behind this paper, our examination will concentrate on Starbucks in US and Australia. The following area gives a diagram of the gourmet espresso industry and the serious condition in US and Australia. .:Outline of the Industry:. .:Political Forces:. For the most part both the US and the Australia political circumstance gave off an impression of being settled and stable. This will give a decent stage to both current organizations and new organizations to work in. In US, regardless of the present skirt of downturn, the political state of mind is still liable to support expanded guideline of organizations. What's more, despite the fact that global pressures are probably going to remain yet their effect on political solidness and economy will stay insignificant. Thus in Australia, the political atmosphere is probably going to remain generally steady. In spite of the fact that the connection between the government and the states had been rough before; it has improved after the presentation of an increasingly steady recipe for income conveyance. .:Practical Forces:. US: Real financial development is required to slow from an expected 4% in 2008 to 3. 8% in 2009. The humble lull mirrors the effect of lower request from its exchanging accomplice. As these exists irregular characteristics in the economy and the poor transient standpoint for development, it is expected that conditions in the US are currently recessionary and that development will stay extremely powerless in 2009. This will thusly influence the GDP and the extra cash of its occupants. Australia: Traditionally, fast development in Australia has been log jam as of late because of downturn. Improved financial and monetary administration have decreased macroeconomic instability, yet dangers and awkward nature are available. The low local investment funds rate renders the financial framework dependant on remote financing. The present record deficiency is huge, and worldwide money related markets may begin to stress over the basic causes. Air pocket conditions additionally appear to exist in the lodging market. .:Socio-social Forces: Consumers’ Perceptions and Disposable Income:. US: There had been an expansion in espresso utilization in the US advertise however the rate had eased back down in 2005 presenting dangers to espresso retailers. As of late, US buyers had progressively choose more beneficial hot beverages, for example, tea and RTD drinks which influence espresso utilization rate. The pattern is probably going to keep, prompting decrease in espresso utilization. Australia: Coffee deals had encountered very tepid development from 2000 to 2005. The way of life of bistro had made more individuals pick on-exchange deals espresso at the bistro rather than home-blended espresso. As indicated by BIS Shrapnel, individuals progressively will in general go to bistros for their espresso and there is an expansion of half inside 2 years in espresso utilization. .:Innovative Forces: Technological Developments:. Innovative changes have made numerous new items and procedures. It assists with lessening costs, improve quality and lead to advancements which thus benefits customers just as associations. Numerous associations in the gourmet espresso industry had perceived the significance of giving remote web access and Wi-Fi hotspots to its benefactors. These innovation progresses had made a relaxation place for benefactors to ride net or hang out after home and work. The majority of the associations had additionally acquainted computerized espresso machines with accelerate the preparing procedure to abbreviate holding up time. To additionally improve business tasks and proficiency, a few associations have likewise utilize data innovation frameworks to assist them with maintaining their organizations all the more easily. .:Ecological Forces:. With significant atmosphere changes happening because of a dangerous atmospheric devation, numerous associations in the gourmet espresso industry had expanded their condition mindfulness by decreased the use of expendable cups to serve espresso and expanded the utilization of earthenware cups. Besides, the associations had additionally diminished the size of their paper napkins, paper sacks and in store trash packs. The associations were likewise urged to buy Fairtrade ensured espressos as to advance mindful natural and financial endeavors. The accompanying segment presents our investigation of gourmet espresso industry with the guide of Michael Porters 5 Forces model. .: Analysis of Gourmet Coffee Industry-Porter 5 Forces:. If you don't mind allude to display 3 for the measures utilized for the scoring of every power and an investigation of every power. Power #1: Threat of New Entry:. †¢Threat of new section is high. †¢High fire up cost engaged with buying types of gear, sourcing for espresso beans and preparing barista. †¢Strong brand personality prompting high exchanging cost for shoppers Score: 10 Force #2: Threat of Substitutes:. †¢Substitutes are gourmet espresso of an alternate brand †¢Current gourmet espresso businesses is immersed †¢High exchanging cost. †¢Threat of substitutes viewed as generally high Score: 6 Force #3: Bargaining Power of Suppliers:. †¢Majority of monetarily accessible espresso beans originate from a couple industrializes nations. †¢Increase the expense of cafés in sourcing and accessing these excellent espresso beans. †¢Bargaining intensity of providers is moderately high Score: 5 Force #4: Bargaining Power of Consumers†¢Bargaining intensity of clients is generally unbiased. †¢Current player picked up brand faithfulness †¢Product separation assists with holding current client and pull in new clients. †¢However value delicate clients may look for less expensive other option. Score: 0 Force #5: Rivalry between Competitors:. †¢Intensity of contention is moderate. †¢Brand personality and high exchanging cost is generally troublesome to new player that has recently entered the market. Score: 3 Conclusion:From the above examination, we noticed that the danger of new section, the bartering intensity of the provider and danger of substitutes are generally high. Then again the bartering intensity of the customers is nonpartisan and the power of contention is moderate. Consequently from the abovementioned.

The Broke Persons Guide to Throwing Parties

The Broke Persons Guide to Throwing Parties The Broke Persons Guide to Throwing Parties The Broke Persons Guide to Throwing PartiesThrowing a party is supposed to be fun, but spending way too much money to host one isnt fun at allâ€"especially when youre already broke.Is there anything more fun than a party? Probably, but we can all agree that parties are fun regardless. Still, one of the worst parts of going to a party is having to get home afterward. It’s late, you’re tired now, and you probably just want to go to bed.But what if you could throw a party at your own home? Sure, you’d have to do some cleaning up, but that can wait till the morning! As soon as everyone leaves you can go right to bed. Doesn’t that sound nice?Unfortunately, it can also get pretty expensive pretty quickly. Especially if you’re looking to throw the hottest party in town. So how can you throw a party without breaking your budget? We spoke to the entertainment experts to find out how you can throw a great party for less. Trim your guest list.One of the first steps of planning a party is deciding who you’re going to invite. Some people prefer to keep get-togethers small. Others jump at the chance to invite every single person on their Facebook friends list. But whatever your preference, one of those options is going to be cheaper than the other.“The fewer people that are invited, the smaller the cost,” explained Lucy Harris, CEO of Hello Baby Bump (@hellobabybump). “Have a maximum number of people you wish to entertain.”Harris also offered some advice for how the invitations should be carried out. Or not carried out: “Dont send out invitations. In a world of technology, there is no harm in creating an event on Facebook or sending out a few texts instead of printing and spending money on invites.”Make it a potluck.People want to eat at a party. They might not be expecting an entire meal, but party tradition dictates that there should at least be some snacks.“Hosting a successful gathering takes a lot of skill and finesse, especially if you are on a budget,” warned Smart Shopping Expert  Trae Bodge (@truetrae). “But, just because you’re the host, it doesn’t mean you have to bear all of the responsibility.A great way to save on food is to ask guests to bring a dish. To avoid overlap, use a free platform, like Evite, so you and your guests can indicate what you plan to make and bring. Keep in mind that not everyone enjoys cooking, so let everyone know that it’s ok to bring something store-bought, like meats cheeses, chips dips, or pies cakes.”Bodge also had some recommendations for keeping the price down on the dishes you do make:“Avoid pricey ingredients. You can feed a big group on a budget by avoiding expensive things. Fish, for instance, will be much more expensive than chicken wings. Rather than planning your menu ahead of time, peruse your weekly circular, or use an app like Flipp, to see what’s on sale, and plan your menu based on that.”Dont provide  all  the beer and alcohol.A party doesn’t have t o have alcohol. But if you are planning to have alcohol, you’re going to want to still keep it affordable. Of course, asking your guests to bring stuff works as well for alcohol as it does for food items. Maybe even better!“If someone asks what they can bring, tell them specifically!” Harris recommended. “People often dont mind helping out. You can reply by saying bring a side dish you love, bring a wine you enjoy, bring your favorite platter etc.”If you do decide to provide some drinks, you can still keep things affordable.“For libations, make one specialty drink and offer this to your guests,” suggested Jorj Morgan (@jorjmorgan), author of 7 cookbooks, including At Home in the Kitchen, At Home Entertaining, and Sunday Best Dishes: A Cookbook for Passionate Cooks. “This avoids having to have a full bar to meet everyones needs.”Get creative with your decor.You want your party to have style. But you don’t want to spend too much on that style. While going out of yo ur way to buy special utensils or plateware customized just for the occasion may seem like a cool idea, it’s not likely to be the most cost-effective option.“For your décor, pull out the china you have, and mix and match to create a tablescape that fits your party,” Morgan told us. “If you have four blue plates, three green plates,  and one white plate, be creative and pull it together with a multi-colored napkin.”Anything you do purchase can probably be pretty simple.“Dont buy themed plates, cups, napkins etc,” advised Harris. “Anything that is theme specific instantly skyrockets price. Just get a standard plain color, it is only going to end up in the bin anyway.”And don’t forget to recycle!“Festive décor is great for setting the mood, but it can also be expensive,” Bodge told us. “When purchasing décor, purchase only items that can be stored and reused the next year, or even better, purchase items that aren’t holiday-specificâ€"like clear lights and decorative items that are silver and goldâ€"so you can use them at multiple gatherings throughout the year.”Hopefully, these tips will allow you to plan more affordable parties. We’ll be waiting patiently for our invitation! Want more money saving tips? Check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to De-Stress for Cheap7 Tips for Eating Out on the CheapThe Broke Person’s Guide to Dating50 Places That Will Give You Free Stuff on Your BirthdayDo you have a question about saving money? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  InstagramContributorsTrae Bodge (@truetrae) is an accomplished lifestyle journalist and TV commentator who specializes in smart shopping, personal finance, beauty, toys, parenting,  and retail. In addition to monthly Best Buys segments on CBS2 NY, Fox 5 NY and ABC/WJLA in DC, she has appeared on dozens of TV shows, including Rachael Ray, Inside Edition, CNBC a nd network affiliates nationwide. Trae has been named a Top Voice in Retail by LinkedIn and a top personal finance expert by GoBankingRates and FlexJobs. She is a contributing editor at Womans Day magazine and her writing and expert commentary have also appeared in Forbes, USNews.com, Kiplingers, Marketwatch, MSN Money, Yahoo Finance, VICE Guide to Life and numerous others.Lucy Harris is the mom of two wonderful children and lead mom behind  Hello Baby Bump (@hellobabybump).Jorj Morgan (@jorjmorgan) is the author of 7 cookbooks, including At Home in the Kitchen,  At Home Entertaining,  and Sunday Best Dishes: a cookbook for passionate cooks. Her most recent book, Canvas and Cuisine: the art of the fresh market was just released by Dorrance Publishing. Jorjs in-the-trenches expertise in the culinary field include owning her own catering company cooking for family friends.

Essay On Stop Common Core - 1108 Words

Stop Common Core Illinois is a non-partisan community of Illinois citizens united by our concerns about Common Core in Illinois. We are the typical people you can see whenever you open your garage doors to take your car out every morning. Our core mission is to: Foster communication and collaboration among activists striving to Stop Common Core in Illinois Educate the general public about our concerns regarding Common Core Collate the latest news and information in one convenient place Work with the media to shine a spotlight on Common Core and related issues Share our experiences in Illinois with other state and national organizations What are the concerns? How Race to the Top Funds Fundamentally Transformed our Schools : What many†¦show more content†¦Why Should You Be Concerned about the Common Core State Standards and Standardized Tests? Some advocates of Common Core insist that Common Core is â€Å"not a curriculum† and that it will promulgate â€Å"an academic curriculum based on great works of Western civilization and the American republic.† But the standards are being used to write the tables of contents for all the textbooks used in K-12 math and English classes. This may not technically constitute a curriculum, but it certainly defines what children will be taught, especially when they and their teachers will be judged by performance on national tests that are aligned with these standards. Why should centrally controlled, taxpayer-funded, unaccountable-to-the-public committees have the power to define what nearly every U.S. school child will learn? The most important thing to understand about education standards is that research has demonstrated they have no effect on student achievement. That’s right: no effect at all. A series of data analyses from the left-leaning Brookings Institution found no link between high state standards and high student achievement. No state, school district, or even school has ever used the Core. It has no track record. Ordinarily, changes to curriculum, even small ones, are made incrementally, giving experts, policymakers, teachers, and parents time to review and respond to them. Even so, curriculum experts and consultantsShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Avatar841 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of change, environmental crisis, love, and death are all only a few of the most common themes that circulate through the Hollywood film industry. According to Annalee Newitz in her essay â€Å"When Will White People Stop Making Movies Like Avatar?†, a recurring theme she’s noticed is the theme of white guilt. In her essay, Newitz depicts the movie Avatar as nothing more than a colorful rehash of this (apparently) common white guilt scenario. 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The reason I choose both these theories focus on initial interactions with stingers and how relationships develop. The social penetration theory is an objective theory (A First Look at Communication, page 93) uses the example of peeling an onionRead MoreOpening Question: Why do so many people encourage violence in sports? Core Question 1: What effect1400 Words   |  6 PagesOpening Question: Why do so many people encourage violence in sports? Core Question 1: What effect is McMurtry trying to achieve when he compares football to war in paragraph four and five on page 454? Core Question 2: On page 455, McMurtry states, â€Å"And progressively and inexorably, as I moved through high school, college, and pro leagues, my body was dismantled. Piece by piece.† Core Question 3: McMurtry states, â€Å"The doctor in the local hospital said three weeks’ rest, the coach said scrimmage

Essay on Holistic Biographical Narrative of a Child

0212113 Holistic Biographical Narrative of a child. Introduction: In this essay I will be discussing about the observation of a nine month old baby girl called Sarah, who lives with her mother and father in a private home in East London. Her two parents are from different races but were both born in United Kingdom. During the observation Sarah’s mother used very different method to take care of her child. How it was assessed and observed the role her mother placed during the observation. Discussing the child`s physical development, cognitive development, Language development social and emotional development. Behaviour and goals achieved when observing the child. General outcome found and what was learnt, changes activities,†¦show more content†¦Sarah enjoys imitating any noises she makes, in a pretend conversation. The observer said to Sarah`s mother do not feel embarrassed or self-conscious about talking to your daughter. Physical development: Sarah`s vision has improved and she should now be able to focus clearly on any object and even people living together in her flat. Sarah`s hearing is becoming more accurate, not only can she recognise voices and the voice of her parents, she is also beginning to recognise the regular sounds in her life. She might know the radio or the sound of visitors playing around in her home. Sarah begins to use her hands to express herself such as squeezing them when she is crying. Sarah’s hands are open a lot of times and she is learning to pick toys, although it will be difficult for her to grab objects effectively. Sarah’s mother allows her to grab her hand and to take a little off its weight if her mother pulls away. Sarah is able to focus on small objects and those need to be kept out of her way. Sarah mother said that her muscles neck and hand body are considerably stronger than at birth which means Sarah has developed more and changed in growth. 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These women bring to light what an inadvertent male scholarship had previously buried: a strong female culture of resistance both before and after emancipation. Unlike similar approaches, this work is careful not to essentialize women. Instead it is sensitive to their individual differences while weaving together common strands in their biographical experiences andRead MoreMoral Development During Adolescence Essay8689 Words   |  35 Pagesis accounted for, Hart and Carlo (2005). Adolescents are most likely to become religious if their parents practise the same faith than if they are of different faiths. Harmonious homes, in which the parents are nurturing and there is little parent-child or spousal conflict, tend to produce the most religious learners Hart and Carlo (2005). Relationship with parents On the other hand parental involvement in adolescents’ lives has an impact on their moral attitude and behavior. Adolescents’ expectationsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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A holistic view focuses on how projects contribute to the strategic goals of the organization. The linkages for integration include the process of selecting projects that best support the strategy of a particular organization and that

Essay on Government Corruption - 1158 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Over the last few years, the issue of corruption--the abuse of public office for private gain--has attracted renewed interest, both among academics and policymakers. There are a number of reasons why this topic has come under recent inspection. Corruption scandals have toppled governments in both major industrial countries and developing countries. In the transition countries, the shift from command economies to free market economies has created massive opportunities for the appropriation of rents, excessive profits, and has often been accompanied by a change from a well-organized system of corruption to a more chaotic and deleterious one. With the end of the cold war, donor countries have placed less†¦show more content†¦Since the ultimate source of rent-seeking behavior is the availability of rents, corruption is likely to occur where restrictions and government intervention lead to the presence of such excessive profits. Examples include trade res trictions such as tariffs and import quotas, industrial policies such as subsidies and tax deductions, price controls, multiple exchange rate practices and foreign exchange allocation schemes, and government-controlled provision of credit. Some rents may arise in the absence of government intervention, as in the case of natural resources, such as oil, whose supply is limited by nature and whose extraction cost is far lower than its market price. Since abnormal profits are available to those who extract oil, officials who allocate extraction rights are likely to be offered bribes. Finally, one would expect that corruption is more likely to take place when civil servants are paid very low wages and often must resort to collecting bribes in order to feed their families. While all of the hypotheses described above are empirically testable, in the sense that data are available for that purpose, only a few have actually been tested. What empirical studies have been done support certain hypotheses: namely, that there is less corruption where there are fewer trade restrictions; where governments do not engage in favoritist industrial policies; and perhaps whereShow MoreRelatedCorruption in Government4697 Words   |  19 PagesCorruption in Leadership: Public Service and Government Cynthia Klecha Abstract Corruption throughout the world is extensive. Corruption is defined as the twisting of integrity. A corrupt individual is an opponent of the truth; their virtues and ethics are deficient. In the United States, people in all positions of private district, public assistance, and government bureaus have been entangled in varieties ofRead MoreCorruption of Foreign Governments Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesCorruption can be defined as the misuse of entrusted power for personal benefit. It can also be described as letting personal or family relationships influence economic decision making, be it by private economic agents or by government officials. Corruption is always kept secret and therefore individual behavior of corrupt agents is almost impossible to observe systematically in real life. The objectives of government are vital to the understanding of the diverse negative effectsRead MoreCorruption of Government Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pages The unlawful use of a person’s position while in power leads to multiple problems with today’s government. The corrupt methods politicians use are ideas that are strictly in place for personal gain. Present throughout history and still prevalent within today’s world, government corruption has consisted of a number of negative issues including bribery, economic and social impacts, and the misuse of power. 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This story gives American’s pride in their identity and government. It also serves to legitimize the current US Government, for t he current officials follow the same Constitution set up by those Patriots who fought the British. However, since the founding of the US Government there have been numerous cases in which the government has betrayed its people and committed corruption. When the media finds out about such a corrupt act, generally a scapegoat bears the entiretyRead MoreAnti Corruption Of Chinese New Government1808 Words   |  8 PagesDeborah Zhao 04/21/2015 Research Paper Anti-Corruption in Chinese New Government On 15 March 2012, Chongqing Party Chief Bo Xilai was removed from his tenure on charges of bribery and abuse of authority. ()The incident of Wang Lijun brought to the politburo more evidence that Bo Xilai was undergoing briberies. On 22 September 2013, after many trials, Bo Xilai’s final destiny was to be sentenced as life imprisonment for corruption, and the estimated amount of bribery was 8 billion RMB (BBC 11/11/2013)Read MoreGovernment Corruption : Exposing The Truth2940 Words   |  12 Pages 2014 Government Corruption Exposing the Truth What is one world problem that can be reduced drastically by citizens of the world? That would be political and governmental corruption. Some countries it may be easier to have a impact than others like in America and that is why as an American citizen taking the most steps that we can to help this problem is not just our right but our duty. In the United States contrary to the average citizens conditioning towards the government corruption isn’t reallyRead MoreGovernment Of The United National Convention On Against Corruption1257 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent trend for Bangladesh government. The government of Bangladesh has taken significant steps to fight corruption in the country. These steps include the institutional reforms, accession to the United National Convention on Against Corruption (UNCAC) and adoption of new legislations. According to Transparency International (2011), despite of the high level of corruption in the country the citizens are appreciating the steps t aken by the government towards fighting corruption in the country. However

Sources of Economics Comparative Advantage - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Sources of EconomicsComparative Advantage. Answer: Sources of Comparative Advantage Essentially, comparative advantage implies the ability of firms, industries or countries to produce a commodity or service incurring low opportunity costs as compared to their competitors. Specifically, the availability of natural resources can offer a comparative advantage for the country or firm dominating the natural resource (sources , 2018).In addition, the more expansive a firm or country enjoys large economies of scale could place them in a position to enjoy comparative advantages. In the sense that, a domestic market with large economies of scale is likely to attract more investments which result in more revenue for the government and private business owners while expanding employment opportunities and boosting consumer welfare. Further, technological advancement can offer opportunities for comparative advantages for the technologically advanced firm or country over its competitors. In the sense that, a firm adopting current or superior technology is likely to produce surplus goods and services at lower costs thus maximizing its revenue. Typically, superior technology translates into quality products and services which is very easy to penetrate new markets due to the uniqueness of the product thus increasing revenue for the stakeholders against its competitors. Moreover, factor endowments are considered comparatively advantageous in certain situations. For instance, a nation with highly skilled human capital is likely to export it and import less skilled imports according to the Heckscher-Ohlin Model (Walker, 2013).In addition, preferences are considered to offer comparative advantages for the partaking stakeholders. This is because in the event that a given product or service is preferred as compared to its competing product or service implies that the preferred business operator has a comparative advantage in the sense that most of his or her goods will be consumed as compared to its competitors. Explain how comparative advantage can change over time Following the dynamic nature of comparative advantage, there's a likelihood of various changes over time. Particularly, the change in technology can shift the advantages previously enjoyed by a firm in the sense that with the development of superior technology, a firm implementing inferior technology will lose its comparative advantage if it doesn't advance or adopt more superior technology (Riley,2015).Also, in the event that theres depletion of the natural resource which was key in providing the comparative advantage of a given firm or country, the said firm or country will lose this advantage due to the fact that it may need to incur extra costs such as transportation, purchase of the natural resource to keep its operations afloat(Economics Online,2018). In addition, there will be a change in the comparative advantage of a firm or country in the event that there's a drastic change of its factor endowments. Specifically, in the event that a given country has a large portion of its human capital comprising of the aged population. Usually, a youthful labor force is considered efficient and effective due to their physical abilities thus making a firm or country with an aging population losing its productivity comparative advantage. Collectively, the changes in the world prices, opportunity costs (social) of local production factors and technology continue to influence the changes in the comparative advantage of the different business operators in the sense that they influence the demand and supply of goods and services. The dynamic nature of comparative advantage is inevitable. References Economics Online. (2018).Comparative Advantage. Economics Online. Retrieved from https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Comparative_advantage.html Riley. G. (2015).Sources of Comparative Advantage.Tutor2u.net.Com.Retrieved from https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/sources-of-comparative-advantage Sources of Comparative Advantage. (2018).Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/international-trade/Sources-of-comparative-advantage Walker, R. J. (2013).Economics 448: Comparative Advantage. The University of Wisconsin. Retrieved from https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~walker/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/E448Lec3slides.pdf

Scientific Method and Empiricism free essay sample

Empiricism is a philosophical doctrine that our knowledge only comes from experiences. It can be described as a central role of observation. Empiricism was eventually somewhat replaced around the 1970’s by Positivism, Humanism, Marxist, Feminism and Post-Colonialism. However it still plays an important role today’s society, for example in the cataloguing of species. There is about 1.7 million species are known to science, there is an estimated range of 4 to 20 million total species. 10,000 new invertebrates are found each year. There has been over 1000 new species discovered in the Mekong region alone in the last decade. Empiricism is based on a reliance of the senses; however there is a major emphasis on visual observation in particular. The mind is conveyed as a clean tablet (slate) or ‘tabula rasa’; it should not be subjected to any predisposition. This term was coined by Aristotle, what the mind thinks must be in it in the same sense as letters are on a tablet, which bears no actual writing; in the case of the mind this is what is believed to happen. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Method and Empiricism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Aristotle, On the Soul, 3.4.430a1). a blank mind with no influence of previous experiences can look at something with an open mind, how it really is, instead of how that person wants to see it. John Locke, who was a leading philosopher of British Empiricism, said that â€Å"there is nothing in the mind but what there is nothing in the mind but what entered it by way of the senses†. This perfectly conveys the concept of Empiricism. It is not performed for the sake of the collection for data; it is carried out with reference to theory and concepts. It is much more hands on experience than studying someone else’s hypothesis’ of a situation. The person carrying out the investigation as I have previously mentioned is not influenced by any other elements. Sauer stated that ‘geographical knowledge rests upon disciplined observation and it is a body of interferences drawn from classified and properly correlated observations†¦ we are concerned here simply with the relevance of the observations and the manner in which they are made. (1924:19) recc reading pg 11 cloke p Sidney Woolridge, a geographer also stated the necessity of observation in his writing, where he commemorates what he calls ‘an eye for country’, something which he feels that should be promoted in geographers from a young age: ‘The fundamental  principle is that the ground, not the map is the primary document†¦. From this first principle I pass to the second, that the essence of training in geographaphical fieldwork is the comprise of the ground with the map, recognising that the latter at its best is a very partial and imperfect picture of the ground, leaving it as our chief stimulus to observe the wide range of phenomena which the map ignores or at which it barely hints. (cloke pg 11/12) Empirical methods are still used to a certain extent today; Traditional information has been trusted for too long, they help integrating research and practice and because the Educational process or Instructional science needs to develop. The benefits of Empirical methods include the ability to comprehend and respond more accordingly to the ways of a situation, to give respect to relative contrasts, aid the building of knowledge and to give the chance to reach the professional level of research that has already been achieved. http://explorable.com/empirical-research The Empirical Cycle consists of the following stages: Observation- which involves gathering and organising of empirical data to for a Hypothesis. Induction- this is the way of creating a hypothesis  Deduction- these consequence with newly acquired empirical data Testing the hypothesis with new empirical data Evaluation of the outcome of testing . However Empiricism was criticized for not being very scientific and unreliable. That its methods has many limitations compared to other approaches i.e. Positivism. It is notably negligent of theory. The perception of something, which Empiricism relies on, is not universal. What one person sees as being correct can be incorrect for another. However, pure empiricism is not possible; one always enters the field of research with some preconceived ideas of what one is observing. In the absence of pure empiricism, one will alternate anything that would enable theory to emerge from data that has been acquired. Geography is concerned with spatial and temporal distribution of phenomena, processes and features. It is highly interdisciplinary. The concept of empiricism is indeed quite different to the methods of empiricism. The idea of empiricism is indeed quite an ideal concept where one would separate all thoughts and preconceptions from their  field of study; however in reality this is not fully possible. Although empiricism no longer plays such a dominant role in geography, induction is still used to generalise from our observations. It’s not as rigid as the ‘theory will emerge from data gathered’ belief as existed before. The falseness of hypotheses remains predominant to the question of science. It also enables the ability to separate science from non-science. It is what often separates science and non-science However, issues still arise today with this concept, such as when empirical data collection begins without proper knowledge of underlying theory. It also has the tendency to over-simplify often more complex questions. Overall empiricism has played a major role in the progress of research in Geography throughout the centuries, although problems arise in different circumstances such as what I have previously mentioned, it being not theoretical enough or providing simple answers for complex questions, if it is not fully relied on, instead used in conjunction with other concepts such as Marxist, Positivism or Humanism it can prove to be very useful in the further progression of the Geography today and in the future. Bibliography:

Introduction to Sociology and Political Sciences Essays

Introduction to Sociology and Political Sciences Essays Relationship Between China and Hong Kong Introduction to Sociology and Political Sciences Mid-term paper Name: Student ID: 81200158 Word count: 4337 words Topic Discuss the relationship between Hong Kong and mainland using concepts introduced in this course. Introduction Hong Kong, located at the southern coastal of China, fully shows the diversification of culture, with a mix characteristics of different backgrounds. Hong Kong is currently under the rule of the PRC as a special administrative region, with the practice of One country, two system. Hong Kong exercises capitalism under the rule of the British government and thus continues its practice after the handover. Hong Kong is closely located to mainland, showing her essential role in the economic coordination. The number of cross-boundaries cooperation has been increasing steady, and today, Hong Kong and mainland develops an inseparable relationship in terms of political, economical and social aspect. Content I.Political Aspect One Country, Two Systems Article 23 Freedom of Speech, Expression and Press II.Economical Aspect Opportunities Provide Professional Financial Services CEPA Mainland as the Provider of Cheap Labor and Resources Logistics and Importance in Re-export Threats Competition with Shanghai III.Social Aspect Mainland-Hong Kong conflicts Parallel Imports Activities Mainland Immigrants Mainland Mothers Giving Birth in Hong Kong Cross-boundary School Kids Overheating in Property Market Identity Problems Chinese Identity and Hong Kong Identity Cultural Similarities I.Political Aspect One Country, Two Systems The idea of One country, two systems was first proposed by Deng Xiao-ping in 1978, the leader of the Chinese Communist Party at that time. As Hong Kong was ruled with the capitalist system under the rule of the British government, while Mainland China being ruled with the socialist system. Before the handover, rumor spark off saying Hong Kong was expected to operate under socialist system, thus lead to social unrest, as the public was afraid to lose their private property rights. As to settle the rumor, the Chinese Communist Party proposed the One country, two systems, which was expected that the idea could efficiently minimized the difference in political system after the handover. Chapter 1, Article 5 of the Hong Kong Basic Law, the constitutional document of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, reads The socialist system and policies shall not be practiced in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years. (i.e. 2047) The establishment of the special administrative region is authorized by the Article 31 of the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China, which states that the State may establish SARs when necessary, and that the systems to be instituted in them shall be specific conditions. After the handover on 1 July 1997, the HKSAR was formally established, with her sovereignty returned to the Mainland. Since then, Hong Kong has been given high degree of autonomy, where she will be responsible for her domestic affairs, including judiciary and courts of last resort, immigration and customs, public finance, currencies and extradition. However, diplomatic relations and national defense are the responsibility of the Central Peoples Government in Beijing. Though the system was said to ensure Hong Kong could enjoy her autonomy, it was believed that the Central government in Beijing has been eventually spreading her power to interfere the politics in Hong Kong trough the leftist. It was generally believed that Hong Kong no longer enjoys her autonomy as she used to be, while more restriction has been posted on different institutions. For instance, the proposals in Article 23 of Basic Law, Hong Kong 818 incident and the vote rigging issue in the District Council elections. Article 23 The proposals in Article 23 of the Basic Law in 2003 have been withdrawn due to mass opposition. The Article is the basis of a security law proposed by the HKSAR government, reads The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies. In other words, the government plans to enact laws to protect her national security, which was considered as a threat that invading the publics right. In mid 2002, the Vice Premier

To what extent is it in the interest of business to engage in Essay

To what extent is it in the interest of business to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Essay Example The business case for CSR can be considered. Many economists have the view that CSR is not actually the demand of social ones. One of them has the view that it is not socially desired. Milton Friedman mentioned that the only social responsibility of a business is to maximize profits. Before going into the pool of Corporate Social Responsibility, we should be familiar with the term Corporate Social Responsibility, which is abbreviated as CSR. It can be profitable for the businesses and so for businessmen. Corporate Social Responsibility cannot be defined as a specific term. Different researchers and economists gave different definitions to it according to their point of view. Most of the researchers agree that, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility is a process by which, businesses are monitored.’ It has its own standards that are internationally accepted as the rules and regulations through which businesses are monitored. The word ‘responsibility’ describes that it takes the responsibility of concerned companies and appreciates their impact on customers, employees and stakeholders. The history of Corporate Social Responsibility is not as old as business; however, as the business community realised the importance of the Corporate Social Responsibility, the knowledge about the term is continuously increasing. In late 1960s, Corporate Social responsibility appeared as an important pillar in the development of a business. With the emergence of Corporate Social responsibility, different multinational companies (MNCs) started using the term stakeholder. This term was initially used to give explanation of the corporate owners (beyond the shareholders of a company), as a result of an influential book by R. Edward Freeman, Strategic management: a stakeholder approach in 1984 (Freeman, 1984). Corporate Social Responsibility is also accountable for the actions of concerned companies and it answers some questions such

Developing a question (picot) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Developing a question (picot) - Research Paper Example llows: Among the young generation of the modern world (P), the dependency on technology has increased to a high level (I) in comparison to earlier times (C), having both positive and negative impacts on their activities (O) in the times of a rapidly developing world (T). Thus if a research is conducted based on this question, the study would be conducted on the younger generation who forms the target population of the study. The emphasis of the study would be on an understanding of the use of technology in the modern times and comparing the situation with earlier days. The outcomes or consequences would be reflected; the study being based on the time period and development of the technology in the world. The PICOT format gives a clear direction of the research objective and hence enables the researcher to use the appropriate measures that may lead to the desired results or learning through a proper research design and implementation and preparation of report. 1) Rios, L.P. Ye, C & L. Thabane. (2010). Association between framing of the research question using the PICOT format and reporting quality of randomized controlled trials, BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(11), pp.1-8, Retrieved on September 25, 2011 from:

St. Augustines Confessions Essay Example for Free

St. Augustines Confessions Essay There was nothing in Augustines Confessions that will help reveal his background especially concerning his socio-economic status. One has to consult other sources for that. But knowing fully well that education in ancient times is prized by the rich and the elite it is easy to deduce from the well written Latin masterpiece that indeed Augustine belong to the creme de la creme of society. This is a significant insight because not only is Augustine part of the highly educated and well-to-do crowd he also is a man who longs for God. A close study of the Confessions will lead one to understand how Augustine views Christianity. Based on the document, Augustine believed that Christianity is about striving to be intimate with God and at the same time a daily struggle to make the flesh obedient to the call of a godly life in Christ Jesus. Intimacy with God One of the most radical concepts about Christianity is the notion that mere mortals can be intimate with God. In order to appreciate this idea one has to first understand that Christianity like Judaism believes in one Almighty God who is Lord of Lords and King of Kings. They are not simply worshipping someone that is ruler of a particular locale, like a god that is in-charge of a really old Oak tree or some ancient hill. This God is the one and only. Aside from that the God of St. Augustine is a great Deity whose power is evident in the Old Testament portion of the Bible. The God of Augustine is the Creator of Heaven and Earth. And yet Augustine wanted to be close to Him. This is evident in Book I: The Early Years. In the first few paragraphs Augustines deep longings was evident by expressing near panic not knowing what to do first. Is it to call Him or to praise Him? Having the ultimate goal in mind Augustine said that, â€Å"You stir man to take pleasure in praising you, because you have made us for yourself, and our heart is restless until it rests in you† (Book I: Early Years). This desire for intimacy is actually radical. One only has to take a casual review of ancient religions, Greek and Roman mythology to realize that for thousands of years before Augustines Confessions God or the gods were considered to be mean and cruel. The ultimate goal of the worshiper is not to be intimate with the gods but to appease them. God according to other religion is indeed mighty but He is unapproachable. As one continues to read, one will find that Augustine was simply warming up. He is not merely content with the getting to know you stage and his desire to know God goes deeper not willing to accept a superficial relationship. Augustine did not write the Confessions because he simply wanted to earn the favor of God. He went one step further and in the first few sentence of Book II, Augustine declared that he desires to love God (see Book II: Adolescence). The Flesh The words coming from his pen were profound and those who may mistake Augustine’s longing for intimacy with the Almighty as wishful thinking. Augustine as agreed in beginning of this study was a man born to privilege and highly educated. If what he is saying is truth then it will be either as a mockery to God or as an honest desire to really know and be known by Him. One has to continue digging deeper into the Confessions in order to understand that Augustine was not deluded into thinking that this quest will be an easy one. It is at the point of realization that knowing God will not be an easy task Augustine begins to pour out his frustration that he is a sinner and has no illusion that he will be able to walk like the great and godly men of old like Moses and Elijah. In Book VIII: The Birthpangs of Conversion, Augustine mentioned his past, the desire for women and being enamored with the world and its intoxicating temptations. In Book VIII Augustine began to provide the resolution to a very complicated proposition that was made in the beginning of this study. It is possible to be intimate with God but its not going to be easy. The first step in order for a man to know God and be known by him, before a loving relationship between child and God can commence there is a need to first forsake worldly desires. In short a conversation from darkness to light must first occur and Augustine promises that there is nothing like it and that every sacrifice is worth every good thing that one can receive from Christ Jesus. Conclusion Aside from the fact that Augustine a highly educated, intelligent and very talented man to give up all the pleasures of this world to embrace the cross of Christ, there are other facets to the Confessions that are very radical. As mentioned earlier the concept that God is approachable and that one can build a relationship with him is an idea that is so advanced it is impossible to find any precedent other than the New Testament of the Christian Bible. But Augustine emphasized that he is not merely content to know God he is in the quest to learn how to love God. This is raising the bar so high it is almost impossible to reach it. It is a good thing to know that Augustine took time to explain that his goal of being intimate with God will not be a walk in the park. In fact, according to his own â€Å"confessions† there are many obstacles that must be overcome in order to achieve that goal. And it begins with conversion from darkness to light. At the end St. Augustine set an example and encourages many to strive for the impossible because it is only through God that one can find meaning, satisfaction and rest in this life. References Saint Augustine. (1998). Confessions. H. Chadwick (Trans. ). New York: Oxford University Press.

Smoking Cigarettes :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

In 1990, 72 million bottles of a popular mineral water were voluntarily recalled because of small traces of benzene. The smoke from one pack of unfiltered cigarettes has as much benzene as 169 bottles of the contaminated water. Main points What’s in a cigarette? What’s are the effects What’s a smoking addiction What’s in a cigarette? In a cigarette there are many bad substances. Some of them that are listed behind me are: Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides Hydrogen cyanide, Ammonia, Nicotine, Tar, and many other toxic irritants. Tobacco smoke is a mixture of gases and small particles made up of water, tar and nicotine. The tar is a mixture of hundreds of toxic chemicals, many of which are known to cause cancer. The high temperature from the burning end of a cigarette is like a miniature chemical factory. It puts out many more chemicals than are found in tobacco that has not been lit. Altogether more than 4,000 chemical compounds have been identified in tobacco smoke. The chemicals that cause cancer are mainly in the tar. Tar, together with some of the irritant gases, may also be partly responsible for chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Nitrogen oxides are suspected, but the main agents responsible are not yet known. Neither nicotine nor carbon monoxide causes cancer, but they probably work together as causes of the heart diseases associated with smoking. What is an addiction? A smoking addiction means a person has formed an uncontrollable dependence on cigarettes to the point where stopping smoking would cause severe emotional, mental, or physical reactions. Everyone knows that smoking is harmful and addictive, but only a few people realize just how dangerous it can be and how addictive it is. Chances are that about one in three smokers who do not stop will eventually die because of their smoking. On average, they will die 10 to 15 years earlier than they would have died from other causes. Most smokers’ want to stop and do try, but only one in three people try to stop permanently before age 60. By this time there body has been deteriorating. The reason why so many people fail to stop is because they are addicted. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. It is absorbed and enters the bloodstream, through the lungs when smoke is inhaled, and through the lining of the mouth. Nicotine is drug that affects the activity of the brain. It als o has a relaxing effect, especially at times of stress.

The Right to Education

The Right to Education – A Global Perspective â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. † Nelson Mandela This saying of Nelson Mandela reveals a lot about the importance of education as a mean of achieving the changes we want to see in the world. Realizing the importance of education is highly significant for the nation and the world as a whole; however, giving equal education opportunities to people within specific countries and around the world remains a challenge for the global society.In order to overcome, or at least ease, such challenges, the right to education has been a subject of matter of international law, as well as state constitutions. While a great number of countries have been signatories and ratifiers of international conventions that protect the right to education, many countries have failed to provide the essential capacities to assure this right for various reasons. The failure to protect this right, no matter the reasons, has been quite harsh for the most vulnerable groups of different societies; hence, leaving millions of people worldwide without the capacity to contribute to a better world.As such, this paper will firstly focus on the protection of this right by international law, and it will later focus on the protection of the right to education in the following countries: Finland, Venezuela, India and finally Kosova. The Right to Education and the International Law The right to education, as a human right, has been highly guaranteed and protected by international law for many decades now. To begin with, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948 marked the universal recognition of the right to education.The Declaration guarantees the right to education through Article 26, which among others states that: â€Å"Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Techni cal and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit . † Furthermore, the right to education is protected by the Convention against Discrimination in Education, adopted in 1960.This convention, through its 19 articles plays a high significance in the struggle of the global society to hinder the discriminations and separations in education . Later on, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979, guarantees women equal rights with men in terms of education . In addition, in 1966, the right to education was also preserved in the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, specifically through articles 13 and 14.Both article of ICESCR make primary education compulsory and free of charge, as well as oblige the states to make secondary and higher education easily accessible to all . Nevertheless, the Convention on The Rights of The Child (CRC), adopted in 1989, was a significant step in the protection of children from discrimination of any form. Articles 28-32 of this convention particularly deal with discriminations made in education. Signatories of this convention â€Å"recognize the right of the child to education,†¦with a view to achieving this right progressively and on the basis of equal opportunity . As mentioned previously, besides international law, the right to education is also enshrined in many regional instruments and most of the countries’ constitutions, though the compliance to the international/regional/national instruments varies to a great extent from country to country. As such, there are great disparities between school enrollment rates in different countries, and the following sections of this paper will deal with the protection/application of the right to education in specific countries and their effects on the education activities. FinlandFinland proved to be one of the most successful countries in the education field. Actually, it was ranked as the fourth country out of 48 countries belonging to different development phases. Undoubtedly, one of the crucial factors that facilitated this achievement was Finland’s hard work in protecting the right to education. First of all, Finland is a signatory of all of the above-mentioned international instruments, which make Finland legally binding to all of the above articles. Furthermore, the Constitution of Finland protects the right to education through Section 16 of Chapter 2 .The constitution makes primary education free and compulsory to all children. Nevertheless, the constitution makes the state accountable for providing equal opportunities to all citizens even after finishing the compulsory education . The right to basic education in Finland is further protected by the Basic Education Act, which makes the municipalities responsible for providing education in both languages (Sweedi sh and Finnish), as well as providing free school materials, meals, and transportation to all students of pre – primary and primary education.The Basic Education Act also protects the right to education of the disabled children by making them entitled to special â€Å"interpretation and assistance services†, all for free . Furthermore, the Universities Act of Finland makes undergraduate studies free of charge for studies in Finnish and Swedish, as well as freeing from undergraduate studies tuition students of EU member countries . As mentioned previously, Finland is one of the few countries where the right to education is well protected, and cases of violations of this right are not common at all and are hard to find. VenezuelaVenezuela has ratified all the international instruments mentioned above, which means that Venezuela is obliged to comply with those articles that regulate the right to education. Besides that, the right to education in Venezuela is also protecte d under the Venezuelan Constitution. Chapter VI of this constitution deals specifically with education, and Article 102 of this chapter states that â€Å"Education is a human right and a fundamental social duty, it is democratic, free of charge and obligatory . † Further, Article 103 guarantees equal opportunities for all students, including disabled students .In addition to the Venezuelan Constitution, the right to education in Venezuela is also protected by the Organic Law of Education, decreed on 2009. Article 3 of this law, makes education â€Å"public, social, compulsory, free of charge†¦ quality, secular, comprehensive, and permanent, of social pertinence, creative, artistic, innovative, critical, multicultural, multiethnic, intercultural, and multilingual †. Article 6 of the Law gives access to education to disabled students and students in the â€Å"Adolescent Responsibility Penal System† .Furthermore, Article 6 makes the state responsible for devel oping the mechanisms that control the right to education. However, despite the progress Venezuela made in legally protecting the right to education, many challenges still remain and make the reality less desirable, one of those issues being the certification of the asylum students. Asylum seekers deal with delays in getting certified for their studies because they have to first be recognized as refugees, a process that often takes a lot of time.Furthermore, if an asylum seeker finishes a certain level of education in his/her home country, that certification will not be recognized until the student receives Venezuelan documents. As Rodrigo de La Barra puts, such delays of certification, prohibit students to continue with their studies, hence hindering motivation and increasing drop-out rates. It is important to mention that both these cases are violation of the Convention on the Rights of Children, a convention to which Venezuela is legally binding . IndiaContrary to Finland and Vene zuela, India is not legally binding to the International Convention against Discrimination in Education. Still, it is legally binding to the other international conventions dealing with education . The right to education in India is protected in its constitution in the Article 21A, which obliges the state to offer free/compulsory basic education to children 6-14 years old. Furthermore, Article 29. 2 prohibits the discrimination in education made to minorities, whether that is racial, religious, or caste based discrimination.Nevertheless, Article 30 gives them the right to develop their own educational institutions . A highly significant step on the improvement of protection of the right to education in India was made in year 2009, when the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act was passed. This Act’s aim is guaranteeing every child of age 6-14 free and qualitative education, as well as defining the ways the state shall use in protecting such rights. Besides ma king education free and compulsory, this act also says that children cannot be left out because the admission period is over, or because of the lack of documents.Furthermore, the act gives the disabled students the opportunity to participate in the mainstream education . Noticeably, the government of India has made important steps in protecting the right to education; still, what lies in papers is quite different from the actual situation in India. Though the school enrollment rates have increased in India after passing the Act, the participation rates and drop-out rates are not so optimistic. Yet another concern in India is the low quality education, which is a result of †poor curriculum and syllabus, deficient pedagogy, negligent teachers † and parents.Nevertheless, discrimination, though prohibited by the Act, is still prevalent in the Indian education system. It is the Act itself that leaves space for such discrimination since it allows for school categorization as f ollows: â€Å"a) government schools b)aided private schools c)special category schools and d)non-aided private schools †. By allowing the existence of such school categorization, the Act legitimizes the discrimination of the poorer children who become subjects of lower quality education, as compared to the rich students.That violations of the right to education, guaranteed by the Act, are a serious concern in India, is shown by the great number of cases of violation. According to Amod Kanth , 10,500 cases of violation of the act have been recorded in Delhi, within a nine-month period after the implementation of the act. Kanth states that such violations are â€Å"of at least 15 kinds, like screening tests before admissions, corporal punishment, admission denial, mental harassment and others . These figures of the violations in the capital city seem quite concerning, and I believe that they clearly picture the state of the right to education in India. Conclusion In conclusion , education is an essential process which enhances the intellectual development of human beings. Despite being a right in itself, it is also a tool to achieve many other rights. Therefore, ensuring an education to every child is of a high significance, not only for the child alone, but also for the well-being and the development of the society.As such, guaranteeing that every human being is given the opportunity to be provided with such a development activity has been an important subject of many international, regional, and national instruments, among them: Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Convention against Discrimination in Education, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, Convention on The Rights of The Child (CRC), as well as the national constitutions of almost all countries.However, as the cases in Venezuela and India, show, the protection of the right to education by l egal instruments is not sufficient unless its implementation in the real life is ensured. Problems related to the application of this right arise every day, leaving millions of children worldwide, including highly developed countries, without even basic education; hence, without the potential to contribute to the improvement of the global society.Therefore, it is crucial that we, as individuals, start contributing to the gradually easing of the obstacles preventing the world from becoming a better place for everyone, either by making better laws or by implementing those laws better.

Chapter 10 The Massachusetts Experience - 873 Words

Chapter 10: The Massachusetts Experience The scenario of Massachusetts was one of my favorite readings this week. The main reason is that people from the business, education, politics, parents, teachers and members of the community were involved in the creation of an educational reform in the state of Massachusetts. The system’s lack of clear goals, lack of accountability, uneven performance of school, failures rates in some areas and for some children, are some of the most salient features that impress the business leaders in the late 1980s (Blankstein Noguera, 2015). The program of these business leaders, called â€Å"Every Child a Winner!† â€Å"reshaped the Commonwealth’s public education system with a combination of standards and accountability measures, systems improvements ranging from new executive authority for superintendents to the establishment of charter schools, and a finance system overhaul resulting in a more progressive distribution of school finance.† (Blankstein Nogue ra, 2015, p. 188). Through this program, the educational system of Massachusetts were transformed to be the first in the whole nation by having a diverse, nonpartisan leadership, explicit equity arguments, high expectation, investment in infrastructure, inclusive approach to policy and implementation, and long-term commitment by various partners. (Blankstein Noguera, 2015). 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